Web-Materials

List of Examples

1.1	Virial theorem and the bohr atom	7
1.2	Compositions in atomic and weight percentages	9
1.3	Ionic bonding and lattice energy	17
1.4	Energy of secondary bonding	23
1.5	Elastic modulus	24
1.6	Speed of sound in air	30
1.7	Specific heat capacity	31
1.8	Volume expansion coefficient	35
1.9	Expansion of Si	36
1.10	Mean and rms speeds of molecules	39
1.11	Noise in an RLC circuit	44
1.12	Diffusion of dopants in silicon	49
1.13	The copper (FCC) crystal	55
1.14	Miller indices and planar concentration	60
1.15	Vacancy concentration in aluminum	67
1.16	Vacancy concentration in a semiconductor	67
1.17	The 60% Pb-40% Sn alloy	94
2.1	Probability of scattering per unit time and the mean free time	119
2.2	Electron drift mobility in metals	119
2.3	Drift velocity and mean speed	120
2.4	Drift Velocity in a field	120
2.5	Temperature dependence of resistivity	124
2.6	Drift mobility and resistivity due to lattice vibration	124
2.7	Matthiessen's rule	131
2.8	Temperature coefficient of resistivity a and resisitivity index n	132
2.9	TCR at different reference temperatures	133
2.10	Temperature of the filamant of a light bulb	133
2.11	Nordheim's rule	138
2.12	Resistivity due to impurities	138
2.13	The resistivity-mixture rule	141
2.14	A component with dispersed air pores	142
2.15	Combined Nordheim and mixture rules	142
2.16	Hall-effect wattmeter	147
2.17	Hall mobility	148
2.18	Conduction electron concentration from the Hall effect	148
2.19	Thermal conductivity	153
2.20	Thermal resistance	154
2.21	Hall effect in semiconductors	156
2.22	Hall coefficient of intrinsic silicon	158
2.23	Conductivity of a soda-silicate glass	160
2.24	Drift mobility due to ionic conduction	162
2.25	Skin effect from dimensional analysis	165
2.26	Skin effect in an inductor	166
2.27	Thin-Film resistivity	171
2.28	Multilevel interconnect RC time constant	175
3.1	Energy of a blue photon	198
3.2	The photoelectric experiment	199
3.3	X-Ray photon energy and momentum	201
3.4	Stefan's law and the light bulb	204
3.5	The free electron	211
3.6	Wavelength of an electron beam	211
3.7	Electron confined within atomic dimensions	216
3.8	Energy of an apple in a crate	216
3.9	The measurement time and the frequency of waves: an analogy with DE Dt > h	219
3.10	The uncertainty principle on the atomic scale	220
3.11	The uncertainty principle with macroscopic objects	220
3.12	Tunneling conduction through metal-to-metal contacts	226
3.13	Significance of a small h	227
3.14	Number of states with the same energy	230
3.15	Probability density function/td>	236
3.16	The ionization energy of He+	240
3.17	Inonization energy and effective Z	240
3.18	Excitation by electron-atom collisions in a gas discharge tube	243
3.19	The fraunhofer lines in the sun's spectrum	244
3.20	Giant atoms in space	245
3.21	Stern-Gerlach experiment and spin	250
3.22	The number of states at an energy level	256
3.23	Hund's rule	258
3.24	Efficiency of the HeNe laser	264
3.25	Doppler-broadened linewidth	266
4.1	Hydrogen halide molecule (HF)	290
4.2	Metallic liquid hydrogen in Jupiter and its magnetic field	298
4.3	What makes a metal?	299
4.4	Fermi speed of conduction electrons in a metal	299
4.5	Cutoff wavelength of a Si photodetector	303
4.6	X-ray emission and the density of states in a metal	308
4.7	Density of states in a band	310
4.8	Total number of states in a band	311
4.9	Mean speed of conduction electrons in a metal	319
4.10	Conduction in silver	319
4.11	The thermocouple EMF	327
4.12	The thermocouple equation	327
4.13	Vacuum tubes	331
4.14	Field emission	337
4.15	Specific heat capacity of Si	346
4.16	Specific heat capacity of GaAs	346
4.17	Lattice waves and sound velocity	347
4.18	Phonons in GaAs	350
5.1	Intrinsic concentration and conductivity of Si	386
5.2	Mean speed of electrons in the CB	387
5.3	Resistivity of intrinsic and doped Si	392
5.4	Compensation doping	393
5.5	The Fermi level in n- and p- type Si	394
5.6	Energy band diagram of an n-type semiconductor connected to a voltage supply	395
5.7	Saturation and intrinsic temperatures	399
5.8	Temperature dependence of the electron concentration	400
5.9	Compensation-doped Si	405
5.10	Photoresponse time	413
5.11	Photoconductivity	414
5.12	The Einstein relation	420
5.13	Diffusion coefficient of electrons in Si	421
5.14	Built-in potential due to doping variation	421
5.15	Infinitely long semiconductor illuminated at one end	427
5.16	Photoconductivity of a thin slab	430
5.17	Photogeneration in GaAs and thermalization	430
5.18	Piezoresistive strain gauge	434
5.19	The Schottky diode	442
5.20	The Peltier coefficient	447
5.21	Effective mass	456
5.22	Current due to a missing electron in the VB	457
6.1	The built-in potentials for Ge, Si, and GaAs pn junction	479
6.2	The p+n junction	480
6.3	Built-in voltage	481
6.4	Forward- and reverse-biased Si diode	492
6.5	The built-in voltage Vo from the energy band diagram	498
6.6	Incremental resistance and capacitance	501
6.7	Avalanche breakdown	505
6.8	A pnp transistor	512
6.9	Emitter injection efficiency g	513
6.10	A common base amplifier	516
6.11	CE low-frequency small-signal equivalent circuit	521
6.12	The JFET amplifier	531
6.13	The enhancement NMOSFET	538
6.14	Spectral linewidth of leds	550
6.15	A solar cell driving a resistive load	558
6.16	Open circuit voltage and illumination	558
7.1	Electronic polarizability	588
7.2	Electronic polarizability of a van der Waals solid	594
7.3	Electronic polarizability of covalent solids	596
7.4	Ionic and electronic polarizability	602
7.5	Dielectric loss per unit capacitance and the loss angle, d	609
7.6	Dielectric loss per unit capacitance and the loss angle, d	610
7.7	Dielectric loss and frequency	611
7.8	Nearly debye relaxation	614
7.9	Field inside a thin dielectric within a second dielectric	618
7.10	Gauss's law within a dielectric and free charges	619
7.11	Dielectric breakdown in a coaxial cable	628
7.12	Dielectric loss and equivalent circuit of a polyester capacitor at 1 kHz	637
7.13	Piezoelectric spark generator	643
7.14	The quartz crystal its equivalent circuit	646
7.15	Quartz crystal and its inductance	647
7.16	A pyroelectric radiation detector	652
7.17	Inonic polarization resonance in kcl	538
7.18	Low-k porous dielectrics for microelectronics	669
8.1	Ampere's law and the inductance of a toroidal coil	693
8.2	Magnetostatic energy per unit volume	694
8.3	Saturation magnetization in iron	703
8.4	Magnetic domain wall energy and thickness	709
8.5	Energy dissipated per unit volume and the hysteresis loop	718
8.6	An inductor with a ferrite core	723
8.7	(BH)max for a permanent magnet	727
8.8	Superconducting solenoids	737
8.9	Pauli spin paramagnetism of sodium	742
9.1	Relative permittivity and refractive index	778
9.2	GaAs dispersion relation	783
9.3	Sellmeier equation and diamond	783
9.4	Cauchy equation and diamond	784
9.5	Group velocity	786
9.6	Group and phase velocities	786
9.7	Optical fibers in communications	791
9.8	Reflection of light from a less dense medium (internal reflection)	800
9.9	Reflection at normal incidence. Internal and external reflection	801
9.10	Antireflection coatings on solar cells	802
9.11	Dielectric mirrors	803
9.12	Complex refractive index	807
9.13	Complex refractive index of InP	808
9.14	Free carrier absorption coefficent and conductivity	808
9.15	Complex refractive index and resonance absorption	809
9.16	Reststrahlen absorption	812
9.17	Fundamental absorption	815
9.18	Rayleigh scattering limit	819
9.19	Quartz half-wave plate	835

A McGraw-Hill Book with Web Resources